Экономика энергоэффективности зданий - Тревор Хаузер
В представленном вашему вниманию докладе Тревор Хаузер комплексно аналищирует энергоэффективность в строительной сфере, наблюдая взаимозависимость изменения следующих показетелей: объемы выбросов парниковых газов, чистая приведенная стоимость (Net Present Value) и объем дополнительных инвестиций.
CONCLUSION
Reducing emissions in the buildings sector in line with globalemission reductions of 50 percent below current levels by 2050 is possible with existing technology and without compromisingliving standards. In analyzing the cost of such reductions, andthe mix of policies necessary to achieve it, this policy brief findsthe following:
n Reducing building-sector emissions by the 8.2 billion tonsoutlined by the IEA would require an additional $1 trillionin annual investment based on the WBCSD’s technologycost assessment. As these cost assessments are conservative, particularly for onsite solar power generation, overall investment costs could be reduced significantly by innovationand through economies of scale.
n Energy cost savings at current prices would recover most,but not all, of this investment. Reducing building-sectoremissions in line with global goals would come at an averageeconomic cost of $25 per ton.
n Given barriers to action by building owners and occupants,a carbon price of $25 per ton alone would not catalyze the necessary transformation. New approaches to efficiencyfinancing are critical, but these must be coupled with newcodes and standards.
n Failure to overcome barriers to efficiency improvements inbuildings would raise the cost of meeting emission-reductiongoals considerably. Making up the 8.2 billion tons inbuildings sector emission reductions outlined by the IEA via emission reductions in other sectors would impose anadditional economic cost of at least $500 billion per yearglobally.
n Successful transformation of the buildings sector, on theother hand, can offset the impact of increased electricityand fossil fuel prices resulting from climate policy onhousehold income, ensuring that higher energy prices donot translate into higher energy costs.
n How revenue generated from market-based climate policylike a carbon tax or cap-and-trade system is used determinesthe distributional impact of reducing emissions. Using revenue to improve building efficiency helps makeclimate policy more progressive.
Trevor Houser,
visiting fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics, is partner at the Rhodium Group (RHG) and director of its Energy and Climate Practice. He is also an adjunct lecturer at the City College of New York and a visiting fellow at the school's Colin Powell Center for Policy Studies. During 2009 he served as senior advisor to the US Special Envoy on Climate Change. His areas of research include energy markets, climate change, and the role emerging Asian countries play in both. He is author most recently of The Economics of Energy Efficiency in Buildings (2009),Structuring a Green Recovery: Evaluating Policy Options for an Economic Stimulus Package (2009), Leveling the Carbon Playing Field: International Competition and US Climate Policy Design (2008), and China Energy: A Guide for the Perplexed (2007).
